Arnold Chiari malformation – A condition in which brain tissue extends into the spinal canal, present at birth.

AV Malformation -A cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal connection between the arteries and veins in the brain. It usually forms before birth.

Blood clot – Occurs when a blood vessel that supplies blood to the brain is blocked by a clump of cells that could not dissolve on their own. 

Brain aneurysm - An aneurysm is a weak area in the wall of a blood vessel that causes the blood vessel to bulge or balloon out. When an aneurysm occurs in a blood vessel of the brain, it is called a cerebral, or intracranial, aneurysm.

Brain tumors (benign and malignant) - Brain tumors are composed of cells that exhibit abnormal growth in the brain.

Hemorrhage - A hemorrhage occurs when a blood vessel in part of the brain becomes weak and bursts open. This causes blood to leak into the brain.

Hydrocephalus – A buildup of fluid in the cavities deep within the brain.












Cervical disc disease – Condition of the discs between cervical vertebrae with loss of cushioning, fragmentation and herniation related to aging. 

Low back pain - Low back problems affect the spine's flexibility, stability, and strength, which can cause pain, discomfort, and stiffness. Pain may spread to the buttocks and leg causing difficulty in standing for long periods of time.

Neck pain – Pain related to the muscles, nerves, bones, joints, and discs in the neck. This type of pain can be an ache, numbness and tingling, burning, or stabbing sensations. This pain can travel to the upper extremities (arms and hands).

Sciatica (herniated disc) - A condition where protruding/herniated discs in your spinal column place pressure on nearby nerves and cause pain in your lower back or hip to radiate into the back of your leg.

Spinal deformities – Unnatural curvature of the spine as in scoliosis or kyphosis. Can also be due to defect such as spondylolisthesis or damage to the spine.

Spinal injuries - Spinal cord trauma is damage to the spinal cord. It may result from direct injury to the cord itself or indirectly from disease of the nearby bones.

Spinal stenosis- A narrowing of the spaces within the spine that puts pressure on nerves and the spinal cord. Pain occurs in the lower extremities (legs and feet) and feels like a numbness or tingling sensation.

Spine and spinal cord tumors - A spinal tumor is a growth of cells (mass) in or surrounding the spinal cord.