Adrenal
Cancer that forms in the tissues of the adrenal glands (two glands located just above the kidneys). The adrenal glands make hormones that control heart rate, blood pressure, and other important body functions. Adrenal cancer that starts in the outside layer of the adrenal gland is called adrenocortical carcinoma. Adrenal cancer that starts in the center of the adrenal gland is called malignant pheochromocytoma.

Anal
Cancer that forms in tissues of the anus. The anus is the opening of the rectum (last part of the large intestine) to the outside of the body, through which bowel movements pass.

Appendix
Appendix cancer is a very rare type of cancer that occurs when healthy cells in the appendix (a small organ at the transition of the small and large intestine) change and grow out of control, forming a tumor.

Bile Duct
A rare cancer that forms in the bile ducts. A bile duct is a tube that carries bile (fluid made by the liver) between the liver and gallbladder and the small intestine. Intrahepatic bile duct cancer is found inside the liver. Extrahepatic bile duct cancer is found outside the liver. Also called cholangiocarcinoma.

Bladder
Cancer that forms in tissues of the bladder (the organ that stores urine). Most bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas (cancer that begins in cells that normally make up the inner lining of the bladder). Other types include squamous cell carcinoma (cancer that begins in thin, flat cells) and adenocarcinoma (cancer that begins in the cells that make and release mucus and other fluids). The cells that form squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma develop in the inner lining of the bladder as a result of chronic irritation and inflammation.

Bone
Primary bone cancer is cancer that starts in cells of the bone. Some types of primary bone cancer are osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and chondrosarcoma. Secondary bone cancer is cancer that spreads to the bone from another part of the body (such as the prostate, breast, or lung).

Brain
Tumors located in the brain. Some tumors are benign (noncancerous). Noncancerous tumors can usually be removed and are not likely to recur. Other tumors are malignant (cancerous).

Breast
Cancer that forms in tissues of the breast. The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma, which begins in the lining of the milk ducts (thin tubes that carry milk from the milk glands of the breast to the nipple). Another type of breast cancer is lobular carcinoma, which begins in the lobules (milk glands) of the breast. Invasive breast cancer is breast cancer that has spread from where it began in the breast ducts or lobules to surrounding normal tissue. Breast cancer occurs in both men and women, although male breast cancer is rare.

Carcinoid
A carcinoid tumor is a type of slow-growing cancer that starts in neuroendocrine cells, which can change and become cancerous, growing out of control and forming a carcinoid tumor. The chemicals produced by these tumors can produce symptoms collectively referred to as carcinoid syndrome.

Cervical
Cancer that forms in tissues of the cervix, the organ connecting the uterus and vagina. It is usually a slow-growing cancer that may not have symptoms but can be found with regular Pap tests (a procedure in which cells are scraped from the cervix and looked at under a microscope). Cervical cancer is almost always caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Colon
Colon cancer is a growth of cells that begins in a part of the large intestine called the colon. The colon is the first and longest part of the large intestine. The large intestine is the last part of the digestive system. Colon cancer typically affects older adults, though it can happen at any age.

Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS)
DCIS is non-invasive breast cancer that has not spread outside the milk ducts where it originated. While DCIS is not life-threatening, it is considered a precursor to invasive types of breast cancer and indicates increased risk of developing invasive breast cancer. DCIS accounts for roughly 1 in 6 breast cancer diagnoses.

Endometrial
Cancer that forms in the tissue lining the uterus (the small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis in which a fetus develops). Most endometrial cancers are adenocarcinomas (cancers that begin in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids).

Esophageal
Cancer that forms in tissues lining the esophagus (the muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach). Two types of esophageal cancer are squamous cell carcinoma (cancer that begins in flat cells lining the esophagus) and adenocarcinoma (cancer that begins in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids).

Eye
Cancer that forms in tissues of and around the eye. Some of the cancers that may affect the eye include melanoma (a rare cancer that begins in cells that make the pigment melanin in the eye), carcinoma (cancer that begins in tissues that cover structures in the eye), lymphoma (cancer that begins in immune system cells), and retinoblastoma (cancer that begins in the retina and usually occurs in children younger than 5 years).

Fallopian Tube
Fallopian tube cancer, also called tubal cancer, develops in the tubes that connect the ovaries and uterus.  It is very rare—tubal cancer makes up only 1-2% of all gynecologic cancers. Ovarian cancer and primary peritoneal cancer are similar to fallopian tube cancer and are staged and treated the same way.

Gallbladder
Gallbladder cancer is a form of cancer that develops in the gallbladder, a small organ in the shape of pear that is located under the liver, behind the lower right ribs. The main function of the gallbladder is to concentrate and store bile made by the liver.

Head and Neck
Cancer that arises in the head or neck region (in the nasal cavity, sinuses, lips, mouth, salivary glands, throat, or larynx [voice box]).

Hodgkin’s Disease
A cancer of the immune system that is marked by the presence of a type of cell called the Reed-Sternberg cell. The two major types of Hodgkin disease are classical Hodgkin lymphoma and nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Symptoms include the painless enlargement of lymph nodes, spleen, or other immune tissue. Other symptoms include fever, weight loss, fatigue, or night sweats. This cancer is also called Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Inflammatory Breast cancer
Inflammatory breast cancer is considered rare and is an aggressive cancer with symptoms and treatments that differ from other breast cancers. Unlike other invasive types of breast cancer, inflammatory breast cancer does not typically begin with a lump. Instead, a feeling of heaviness or thickness in the breast is typically the first sign. The breast may also appear red or infected. Due to the absence of a lump, this cancer can be difficult to diagnose. Doctors have to order a biopsy if inflammatory breast cancer is suspected.

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC)
Also called infiltrating ductal carcinoma, Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer, comprising about three-quarters of all breast cancers. Invasive indicates the cancer has spread to surrounding breast tissue. Ductal means the cancer originated in the tubes that carry milk to the nipple. Carcinoma refers to a cancer that begins in the tissues that cover internal organs, like breast tissue.

Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC)
ILC is a type of breast cancer that starts in the breast glands that produce milk, known as the lobules. Invasive indicates the cancer has spread to surrounding breast tissue. Carcinoma refers to a cancer that begins in the tissues that cover internal organs, like breast tissue.

Kidney/Renal
Cancer that forms in tissues of the kidneys. The most common type of kidney cancer in adults is renal cell carcinoma. It forms in the lining of very small tubes in the kidney that filter the blood and remove waste products. Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis is kidney cancer that forms in the center of the kidney where urine collects.

Larynx
Cancer that forms in tissues of the larynx (area of the throat that contains the vocal cords and is used for breathing, swallowing, and talking). Most laryngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (cancer that begins in flat cells lining the larynx).

Leukemia
Cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue, such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the bloodstream.

Liver
Liver cancer is cancer that begins in the cells of your liver. Your liver is a football-sized organ that sits in the upper right portion of your abdomen, beneath your diaphragm and above your stomach.  Several types of cancer can form in the liver. The most common type of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma, which begins in the main type of liver cell (hepatocyte). Other types of liver cancer, such as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatoblastoma, are much less common.  Cancer that spreads to the liver is more common than cancer that begins in the liver cells. Cancer that begins in another area of the body — such as the colon, lung or breast — and then spreads to the liver is called metastatic cancer rather than liver cancer..

Lung
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death, not only in the United States, but also around the world. Lung cancer is responsible for an estimated 160,000 deaths in the United States annually. It is one of the most preventable malignancies, as it is usually caused by smoking.

• Non-small cell lung cancer occurs when healthy cells in the lung change and grow out of control, forming a tumor, lesion or nodule. The tumor can be cancerous or benign. A cancerous lung tumor may shed cancer cells as it grows, and those cells, in turn may be carried away in blood or float away in the lymph, a fluid that surrounds lung tissue.
• Small cell lung cancer originates in the nerve cells or hormone-producing cells of the lung called neuroendocrine cells. "Small cell" refers to the size and shape of the cancer cells as seen under a microscope. As in non-small cell lung cancer, these cells can form tumors which shed cancer cells as they grow, which can be carried away by blood or lymph.

Lymphoma
Cancer that begins in cells of the immune system. There are two basic categories of lymphomas. One kind is Hodgkin lymphoma, which is marked by the presence of a type of cell called the Reed-Sternberg cell. The other category is non-Hodgkin lymphomas, which includes a large, diverse group of cancers of immune system cells. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas can be further divided into cancers that have an indolent (slow-growing) course and those that have an aggressive (fast-growing) course. These subtypes behave and respond to treatment differently. Both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas can occur in children and adults, and prognosis and treatment depend on the stage and the type of cancer.

Mediastinal lymphoma involves the space between the lungs called the mediastinum. Mediastinal lymphoma is uncommon and may be primary or secondary. Hodgkin's lymphoma primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma and T-lymphoblastic lymphoma are the most common primary mediastinal lymphomas.

Malignant Mesothelioma
A rare type of cancer in which malignant cells are found in the lining of the chest or abdomen. Exposure to airborne asbestos particles increases one's risk of developing malignant mesothelioma.

Multiple Myeloma
A type of cancer that begins in plasma cells (white blood cells that produce antibodies). Also called Kahler disease, myelomatosis, and plasma cell myeloma.

Nose
Nasal cavity cancers are rare and start in the opening behind the nose.

Oral Cavity
Lip and oral cavity cancers occur when malignant cells form in the lips or mouth. Tobacco and alcohol use can affect the risk of lip and oral cavity cancer. Symptoms of oral cavity cancer include a sore or lump in the mouth or on the lips.

Ovarian
Cancer that forms in tissues of the ovary (one of a pair of female reproductive glands in which the ova, or eggs, are formed). Most ovarian cancers are either ovarian epithelial cancers (cancer that begins in the cells on the surface of the ovary) or malignant germ cell tumors (cancer that begins in egg cells). Fallopian tube cancer and primary peritoneal cancer are similar to ovarian epithelial cancer and are staged and treated the same way.

Paget's Disease
A rare type of breast cancer that is found in the skin of the nipple and areola, Paget's Disease is characterized by cancerous cells called Paget cells found in the surface layer of the skin of the impacted region. Most people with this diagnosis have one or more tumors in the same breast.

Pancreatic
Pancreatic cancer is a type of cancer that begins as a growth of cells in the pancreas. The pancreas lies behind the lower part of the stomach. It makes enzymes that help digest food and hormones that help manage blood sugar.   The most common type of pancreatic cancer is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. This type begins in the cells that line the ducts that carry digestive enzymes out of the pancreas.

Penile
A rare cancer that forms in the penis (an external male reproductive organ). Most penile cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (cancer that begins in flat cells lining the penis).

Pituitary
Pituitary cancer (pituitary carcinoma) is rare. Only a few hundred cases of pituitary cancers have ever been recorded in the United States. Most were diagnosed in older people and about 75 percent of cases were diagnosed after death. Pituitary tumors are often considered brain tumors, and they make up 12 to 19 percent of all primary brain tumors.

Primary Peritoneal
This rare cancer develops in a thin layer of tissue that covers the uterus, bladder and rectum and lines the abdomen. Primary peritoneal cancer and fallopian tube cancer are similar to ovarian epithelial cancer and are staged and treated the same way.

Prostate
Prostate cancer is cancer that occurs in the prostate. The prostate is a small walnut-shaped gland in males that produces the seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm.  Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. Many prostate cancers grow slowly and are confined to the prostate gland, where they may not cause serious harm. However, while some types of prostate cancer grow slowly and may need minimal or even no treatment, other types are aggressive and can spread quickly.

Rectal
Rectal cancer is a kind of cancer that starts as a growth of cells in the rectum. The rectum is the last several inches of the large intestine. It starts at the end of the final segment of the colon and ends when it reaches the short, narrow passage known as the anus.

Sinus
Paranasal sinus cancers start in the air-filled spaces in the skull around or near the nose.

Skin
Cancer that forms in the tissues of the skin. It’s the most common type of cancer. There are several types of skin cancer. Skin cancer that forms in melanocytes (skin cells that make pigment) is called melanoma. Skin cancer that forms in the lower part of the epidermis (the outer layer of the skin) is called basal cell carcinoma. Skin cancer that forms in squamous cells (flat cells that form the surface of the skin) is called squamous cell carcinoma.

Skin cancer that forms in neuroendocrine cells (cells that release hormones in response to signals from the nervous system) is called neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Most skin cancers form in older people on parts of the body exposed to the sun or in people who have weakened immune systems; however, skin cancer (particularly melanoma) is the leading cause of cancer death in young adults.

Soft Tissue Sarcoma
A cancer that begins in the muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or other supporting tissue of the body.

Stomach
Stomach cancer, which is also called gastric cancer, is a growth of cells that starts in the stomach. The stomach is in the upper middle part of the belly, just below the ribs. The stomach helps to break down and digest food..

Testicular
Cancer that forms in tissues of one or both testicles. Testicular cancer is most common in young or middle-aged men. Most testicular cancers begin in germ cells (cells that make sperm) and are called testicular germ cell tumors.

Throat
Found in the pharynx or larynx, throat cancer is a type of head and neck cancer, most often affecting the flat cells that line the inside of the throat.

Thymus
The thymus, a small organ that lies in the upper chest under the breastbone, is part of the lymph system. Thymoma and thymic carcinomas are disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form on the outside surface of the thymus.

Thyroid
Cancer that forms in the thyroid gland (an organ at the base of the throat that makes hormones that help control heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and weight). Four main types of thyroid cancer are papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid cancer. The four types are based on how the cancer cells look under a microscope.

Tongue
A type of cancer that starts as a growth of cells on the tongue. Tongue cancer that starts in the mouth is different from tongue cancer that starts in the throat. Tongue cancer that starts in the mouth is called oral tongue cancer and can cause symptoms right away. Tongue cancer that starts in the throat is called oropharyngeal tongue cancer and may grow for a while before symptoms such as sore throat and ear pain become noticeable.

Tonsil
Tonsil cancer is an abnormal growth of cells that forms in a tonsil. Your tonsils are two oval-shaped pads in the back of your mouth that are part of your body's germ-fighting immune system.

Urethral
A rare cancer that forms in tissues of the urethra (the tube through which urine empties the bladder and leaves the body). Types of urethral cancer include transitional cell carcinoma (cancer that begins in cells that can change shape and stretch without breaking apart), squamous cell carcinoma (cancer that begins in flat cells lining the urethra), and adenocarcinoma (cancer that begins in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids).

Vaginal
Cancer that forms in the tissues of the vagina (birth canal). The vagina leads from the cervix (the opening of the uterus) to the outside of the body. The most common type of vaginal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, which starts in the thin, flat cells lining the vagina. Another type of vaginal cancer is adenocarcinoma, cancer that begins in glandular cells in the lining of the vagina.

Vulvar
Cancer of the vulva (the external female genital organs, including the clitoris, vaginal lips, and the opening to the vagina).
The above conditions are some of the most common conditions treated. We offer skilled care for numerous other related medical conditions. If you need care for a condition not listed here, please call 812-858-2273 to Find a Doctor.